🩺 Vitamins: Types, Sources, Functions & Deficiency Diseases | Medico Brajesh
🔹 Introduction
Vitamins ek organic compound hote hain jo body ke growth, metabolism aur immunity ke liye zaroori hote hain. Ye energy provide nahi karte (jaise carbs, fats, proteins karte hain), lekin body ke biochemical reactions mein coenzymes ke form mein kaam karte hain.
👉 MBBS aur medical students ke liye vitamins ki knowledge clinical practice, nutrition aur preventive medicine ke liye bahut important hai.
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🔹 Classification of Vitamins
Vitamins do groups mein divide hote hain:
1. Fat-Soluble Vitamins (Oil mein soluble hote hain)
Store hote hain liver aur fatty tissues mein
Excess lene se toxicity ho sakti hai
Vitamin Functions Sources Deficiency Disease
Vitamin A (Retinol) Eye vision (rhodopsin), growth, immunity Carrots, spinach, milk, liver Night blindness (raat ko dikhai na dena), Xerophthalmia
Vitamin D (Calciferol) Calcium metabolism, bones strong karna Sunlight, fish oil, egg yolk Rickets (children), Osteomalacia (adults)
Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Antioxidant, cells ko protect karta hai Vegetable oils, nuts, seeds Hemolytic anemia, neuropathy
Vitamin K Blood clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) synthesis Green leafy veggies, gut flora Bleeding tendency, delayed clotting
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2. Water-Soluble Vitamins (Water mein soluble hote hain)
Excess urine ke through nikal jata hai
Regular diet se lena zaroori hai
Vitamin Functions Sources Deficiency Disease
B1 (Thiamine) Carbohydrate metabolism, nerve function Whole grains, meat Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
B2 (Riboflavin) Energy metabolism (FAD/FMN coenzyme) Milk, eggs, green veggies Cheilosis, Glossitis
B3 (Niacin) Energy production (NAD/NADP) Meat, fish, nuts Pellagra (4D’s: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death)
B6 (Pyridoxine) Amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitters Cereals, bananas, meat Neuropathy, anemia
B9 (Folic acid) DNA synthesis, RBC formation Green leafy veggies, legumes Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects
B12 (Cobalamin) Myelin formation, RBC synthesis Animal products, dairy Pernicious anemia, Neuropathy
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Collagen synthesis, wound healing Citrus fruits, guava, tomato Scurvy (bleeding gums, poor healing)
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🔹 Daily Requirement (RDA)
Vitamin C → 60–90 mg/day
Vitamin D → 600–800 IU/day
Vitamin A → 700–900 mcg/day
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🔹 Clinical Importance
Vitamin deficiency → Nutritional disorders (jaise rickets, scurvy, anemia).
Fat-soluble vitamins excess → Toxicity ho sakti hai.
Special requirement → Pregnancy, childhood, old age, chronic illness mein.
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🔹 Conclusion
Vitamins chhoti si quantity mein bhi body ke liye life essential hote hain. Inka balance hona normal growth, metabolism aur immunity ke liye zaroori hai. Deficiency ya excess dono harmful hote hain.
👉 MBBS aur paramedical students ke liye vitamins ka knowledge nutrition, public health aur clinical medicine mein strong foundation banata hai.
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✅ Written by Medico Brajesh – Aapka trusted medical MBBS blog for learning & knowledge.
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