🧬 Glycogen Storage Disorders (GSDs) | Hindi + English
🔹 Introduction | परिचय
Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) एक group of inherited metabolic diseases हैं जिनमें glycogen metabolism (synthesis या breakdown) में defect होता है। ये defects enzyme deficiency की वजह से होते हैं, जिससे glycogen abnormal quantity या structure में liver, muscle और अन्य tissues में जमा हो जाता है।
📋 Major Types of GSDs | मुख्य प्रकार
| Type (प्रकार) | Disorder Name (रोग का नाम) | Deficient Enzyme (कमी वाला एंजाइम) | Main Features (मुख्य लक्षण) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type I | Von Gierke’s Disease | Glucose-6-phosphatase | Severe fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis |
| Type II | Pompe’s Disease | Lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase (acid maltase) | Cardiomegaly, muscle weakness, infantile death |
| Type III | Cori’s Disease | Debranching enzyme (α-1,6-glucosidase) | Mild hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, muscle weakness |
| Type IV | Andersen’s Disease | Branching enzyme | Hepatomegaly, cirrhosis of liver, early death |
| Type V | McArdle’s Disease | Muscle glycogen phosphorylase | Muscle cramps, myoglobinuria after exercise |
| Type VI | Hers’ Disease | Liver glycogen phosphorylase | Mild hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly |
| Type VII | Tarui’s Disease | Muscle phosphofructokinase | Exercise intolerance, cramps, hemolysis |
| Type IX | Phosphorylase kinase deficiency | Phosphorylase kinase | Hepatomegaly, growth retardation |
| Type XI | Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome | GLUT-2 transporter defect | Glycogen accumulation in liver & kidney, glucose/galactose intolerance |
🔑 Key Points | मुख्य बातें
- GSDs are inherited metabolic disorders.
- हर disorder एक specific enzyme deficiency की वजह से होता है।
- Clinical features depend करते हैं कि defect liver में है या muscle में।
- Easy याद रखने का तरीका (MBBS Students):
- Type I → Liver enzyme defect (Glucose-6-phosphatase)
- Type II → Lysosome enzyme defect (Acid maltase)
- Type V → Muscle enzyme defect (Phosphorylase)
📌 Conclusion | निष्कर्ष
Glycogen storage disorders rare metabolic diseases हैं जो enzyme deficiency की वजह से होते हैं। Medical students के लिए इनको समझना बहुत जरूरी है क्योंकि ये biochemistry, pathology और clinical practice तीनों subjects में पूछे जाते हैं।
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